Journal of Korean Art & Archaeology 2021, Vol.15 pp.53-66
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Following the arrival of iron culture in the southern Korean Peninsula, Byeonhan evolved into Gaya, a confederation of polities in the third century CE. These polities, including Geumgwan Gaya, thrived around the Nakdonggang River and engaged in extensive trade across East Asia. Geumgwan Gaya emerged as a central trade hub, fostering exchanges with Chinese dynasties, Korean kingdoms, and Japan. Despite initial dominance, Goguryeo's invasion in 400 CE caused Geumgwan Gaya's decline, shifting power to new Gaya polities like Dae Gaya and Ara Gaya. These polities leveraged trade networks, adopting cultural elements from Baekje and Silla. By the fifth century, Gaya's role shifted from a maritime to a more land-based trade network, with new alliances and trade routes emerging, linking the Nakdonggang River to southern coastal areas. These trade activities facilitated cultural exchanges, contributing to Gaya's resilience amid shifting regional dynamics.
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Other articles from this issue
- The Unique Characteristics of Gaya Culture
- Gaya History and Culture
- Gaya Armor: The Culmination of Gaya Iron Crafting
- Developments in the Pottery Culture of Gaya
- A Fantasy in Korean Buddhist Painting: Hungry Ghosts in Nectar Ritual Paintings
- Casting Techniques for Gilt-bronze Pensive Bodhisattva Sculptures: Focusing on Korean National Treasures No. 78 and No. 83